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What is polyamory?

by Katherine

You've probably heard the word by now. Maybe you've seen it on a dating app profile, watched a TV show that featured a throuple, or had a friend mention they're “exploring consensual non-monogamy”. Polyamory has moved from the margins into the mainstream conversation about relationships, and if you're a little fuzzy on what it actually means, you're not alone.

The basics

Polyamory comes from the Greek polys (many) and the Latin amor (love). It means, simply, having more than one romantic relationship at the same time, with the full knowledge and consent of everyone involved. That last part is what makes it different from cheating. There's no deception. Everyone knows, everyone agrees, and the relationships are built on honesty and communication rather than secrecy.

It's worth knowing that polyamory sits under a broader umbrella called ethical non-monogamy (ENM), which covers any relationship structure that isn't strictly one-on-one: Open relationships, swinging, relationship anarchy, and more. Polyamory is specifically about emotional connection and love, not just sex. You can be ethically non-monogamous without being polyamorous, but all polyamory is, by definition, ethically non-monogamous.

What does it actually look like?

Polyamorous relationships come in a lot of different shapes. Some people have a primary partner and additional relationships alongside that. Others practice non-hierarchical polyamory, where no one relationship is ranked above another. A polycule refers to a network of people who are romantically connected, whether or not they're all involved with each other directly.

A throuple is three people in a mutual relationship. A quad is four. Some polycules are closed (everyone only dates within the group), while others are open-ended. The structure is really whatever works for the people in it, provided everyone has agreed to it.

It's also worth noting that polyamory isn't about collecting partners or avoiding commitment. Many polyamorous people are deeply committed to the people they love – there are just more of them. Identifying with polyamory tends to come with recurring values around love, honesty, integrity, communication, and commitment.

Is it becoming more common?

More than you might think. Studies suggest around 4-5% of people currently in romantic relationships identify as part of a consensually non-monogamous relationship, with up to 17% open to it. It's more common among younger generations, and as The Week reported in early 2024, polyamory has had a genuine mainstream moment – covered by the New York Times, New York Magazine, NPR, and pretty much everyone else who covers culture. Shows like Trigonometry on the BBC and Good Trouble have depicted polyamorous relationships with actual nuance, which has helped move the conversation along.

Does it actually work?

Research suggests that relationship satisfaction in consensually non-monogamous relationships is comparable to that in monogamous ones. People in polyamorous relationships report similar levels of happiness, trust, and commitment; the outcomes depend far more on communication and compatibility than on structure.

That said, polyamory isn't a relationship style you can half-commit to. It requires a genuine willingness to have difficult conversations, manage jealousy without defaulting to control, and continually check in with the people you love about how things are going. The concept of compersion (feeling genuine happiness at a partner's joy with someone else) is one that polyamorous people often talk about, and it takes practice.

Is it for you?

That's a question only you can answer, and the honest answer is that it's not for everyone, and doesn't need to be. What polyamory does ask of anyone who's curious is a willingness to examine some assumptions about what relationships are supposed to look like, and to ask whether those assumptions actually fit who you are.

If you're curious, start by reading and listening. There's a solid community of people who talk openly about their experiences, and understanding the vocabulary and the values before you dive in makes a real difference. And if you're already on HUD App exploring what connections look like for you, well, you're already asking the right questions.

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